Chemical stability of phosphors is critical to the efficiency and lifetime of the white light-emitting diodes. Therefore, many strategies have been adopted to improve the stability of phosphors. However, it is still lack of report on the improvement of thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance of phosphors by a single layer coating. Due to the high transmittance and high chemical inertness of graphene, it was coated on the surface of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor by chemical vapor deposition, aiming to improve its thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance. The chemical composition and microstructure of the coating were characterized and analyzed. A nanoscale carbon layer was attached on the surface of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor particles in an amorphous state. In coated Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor, the oxidation degree of Eu2+ to Eu3+ was significantly suppressed. At the same time, the surface of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ particle turned from hydrophilic to hydrophobic after carbon coating, and consequently the hydrolysis resistance of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor was greatly improved. After tests at 85 °C and 85% humidity for 200 h, the carbon coated Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor still maintained about 95% of its initial luminous intensity as compared with 35% of the uncoated. By observing the in-situ microstructure evolution of coated phosphor in air-water vapor environment, remained presence of the carbon layer even at 500 °C explained the excellent chemical stability of carbon coated Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor in complex environment. These results indicate that a nanoscale carbon layer can be used to provide superior thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance of (oxy) nitrides phosphors. 相似文献
0.5 at.% Cr:ZnGa2O4 precursor was synthesized by the co-precipitation method with nitrates as raw materials, using ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. Low-agglomerated Cr:ZnGa2O4 powders with an average particle size of 43 nm were obtained by calcining the precursor at 900℃ for 4 h. Using the powders as starting materials, 0.5 at.% Cr:ZnGa2O4 ceramics with an average grain size of about 515 nm were prepared by presintering at 1150℃ for 5 h in air and HIP post-treatment at 1100℃ for 3 h under 200 MPa Ar. The in-line transmittance of 0.5 at.% Cr:ZnGa2O4 ceramics with a thickness of 1.3 mm reaches 59.5% at the wavelength of 700 nm. The Cr:ZnGa2O4 ceramics can be effectively excited by visible light and produce persistent luminescence at 700 nm. For Cr:ZnGa2O4 transparent ceramics, the brightness of afterglow was larger than 0.32 mcd/m2 after 30 min, which is far superior to that of Cr:ZnGa2O4 persistent luminescence powders. 相似文献
With a sharp increase in the information volume, analyzing and retrieving this vast data volume is much more essential than ever. One of the main techniques that would be beneficial in this regard is called the Clustering method. Clustering aims to classify objects so that all objects within a cluster have similar features while other objects in different clusters are as distinct as possible. One of the most widely used clustering algorithms with the well and approved performance in different applications is the k-means algorithm. The main problem of the k-means algorithm is its performance which can be directly affected by the selection in the primary clusters. Lack of attention to this crucial issue has consequences such as creating empty clusters and decreasing the convergence time. Besides, the selection of appropriate initial seeds can reduce the cluster’s inconsistency. In this paper, we present a new method to determine the initial seeds of the k-mean algorithm to improve the accuracy and decrease the number of iterations of the algorithm. For this purpose, a new method is proposed considering the average distance between objects to determine the initial seeds. Our method attempts to provide a proper tradeoff between the accuracy and speed of the clustering algorithm. The experimental results showed that our proposed approach outperforms the Chithra with 1.7% and 2.1% in terms of clustering accuracy for Wine and Abalone detection data, respectively. Furthermore, achieved results indicate that comparing with the Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) search approach, the proposed method has a higher convergence speed. 相似文献
Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play essential roles in many application fields, like biotechnique, medical technique and industrial domain. Microorganism counting techniques are crucial in microorganism analysis, helping biologists and related researchers quantitatively analyze the microorganisms and calculate their characteristics, such as biomass concentration and biological activity. However, traditional microorganism manual counting methods, such as plate counting method, hemocytometry and turbidimetry, are time-consuming, subjective and need complex operations, which are difficult to be applied in large-scale applications. In order to improve this situation, image analysis is applied for microorganism counting since the 1980s, which consists of digital image processing, image segmentation, image classification and suchlike. Image analysis-based microorganism counting methods are efficient comparing with traditional plate counting methods. In this article, we have studied the development of microorganism counting methods using digital image analysis. Firstly, the microorganisms are grouped as bacteria and other microorganisms. Then, the related articles are summarized based on image segmentation methods. Each part of the article is reviewed by methodologies. Moreover, commonly used image processing methods for microorganism counting are summarized and analyzed to find common technological points. More than 144 papers are outlined in this article. In conclusion, this paper provides new ideas for the future development trend of microorganism counting, and provides systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting systems in the future. Researchers in other fields can refer to the techniques analyzed in this paper.
Oil, accounting for 45% of almonds, is easily oxidised and can further induce the protein oxidation to reduce their quality. Structure and physicochemical properties of amandin, the main water-soluble protein in almonds, inducing oxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated. The results showed that the content of carbonyl group increased from 5.23 to 33.25 nmol mg−1 of protein with the increase in MDA concentration (P < 0.05). However, the sulphydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, particle size and the absolute value of ζ-potential first increased and then decreased. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed that the structure of amandin changed from order to disorder. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis revealed that mild oxidation (0–0.1 mmol L−1 MDA) exposed hydrophobic groups of the protein. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggested that protein oxidation promoted crosslinking between protein molecules. Furthermore, protein oxidation markedly declined the total amino acid content of amandin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MDA oxidation changed the structure and amino acid content of amandin, and caused the protein aggregate and crosslink through hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction. 相似文献
Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - Nondestructive testing and evaluation technology of the total focusing method (TFM) based on full matrix capture (FMC) is a hot spot in the current array... 相似文献
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are recognized as the prospective diesel additive to decrease the pollutant emission from the light-duty vehicles, which can be polymerize form the monomer of dimethoxymethane (DMM). The industrial synthesis of DMM is mainly involved two-step process: methanol is oxidized to form the formaldehyde in fixed bed reactor and then reacted with the generated formaldehyde through acetalization in continuous stirred-tank reactor. Due to huge energy consumption, this typical synthesis route of DMM needs to be upgraded and more green routes should be determined. In this review, four state-of-the-art one-step direct synthetic routes, including two upgrading routes (methanol direct oxidation and direct dehydrogenation) and two green routes (methanol diethyl ether direct oxidation and carbon oxides direct hydrogenation), have been summarized and compared. Combination with the reaction mechanism and catalytic performance on the different catalysts, the challenges and opportunities for every synthetic route are proposed. The relationships between catalyst structure and property in different synthesis strategy are also investigated and then the suggestions of the design of catalyst are given about future research directions that efforts should be made in. Hopefully, this review can bridge the gap between newly developed catalysts and synthesis technology to realize their commercial applications in the near future. 相似文献
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been listed as one of the 100 most important chemicals in the world. However, huge amount of residual H2O2 is hard to timely decomposed into O2 and H2O under acidic condition, easily resulting in explosion hazard. Here, we reported a core–shell structure catalyst, that is graphene with Co N structure encapsulated Co nanoparticles. Co N graphene shell serves as the active site for the H2O2 decomposition, and Co core further enhance this decomposition. Benefiting from it, the H2O2 decomposition were close to 100% after 6 cycles without pH adjustment, which increased 6 orders of magnitude compared with no catalyst. At the same time, the O2 generation reached 99.67% in 2 h with little metal leaching, and ·OH has been greatly inhibited to only 0.08%. This work can cleanly remove H2O2 with little deep oxidation and protect the process of H2O2 utilization to achieve a safer world. 相似文献